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AI and Web Fundamentals Flashcards

A concise lesson covering core concepts of artificial intelligence, machine learning, AI project workflow, and essential web and networking fundamentals.

28 cards~10 min
AI and Web Fundamentals Flashcards — Qwi
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1What is Artificial Intelligence?
Answer

A branch of computer science enabling machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.

AI allows computers to mimic functions such as learning, perception, and decision‑making that humans usually perform.
2AI tasks may include {{recognising images and speech}}.
Answer

recognising images and speech

3Voice assistants are examples of Narrow AI.
Answer

True

4Difference between Narrow AI and General AI?
Answer

Narrow AI → specific tasks | General AI → wide variety of tasks

Narrow AI is limited to predefined functions, while General AI would match human versatility across domains.
5What does Machine Learning do?
Answer

It learns patterns from data to make predictions or decisions.

ML algorithms find relationships in datasets and use them to infer outcomes on new data.
6In ML, data flows: Data → {{Learning}} → Pattern recognition → Prediction.
Answer

Learning

7Super AI currently exists as a fully realised technology.
Answer

False

Super AI is a hypothetical concept that would surpass human intelligence and is not yet realized.
8Name two AI applications in healthcare.
Answer

Analyzing medical images and assisting doctors in pattern identification.

AI can help detect anomalies in scans and provide decision support for clinicians.
9AI advantages include the ability to {{process large amounts of data quickly}}.
Answer

process large amounts of data quickly

10AI systems never require human supervision.
Answer

False

Human oversight may still be necessary to ensure correct operation and ethical use.
11What are the six stages of the AI Project Cycle?
Answer

Problem Scoping, 4Ws Problem Canvas, Data Acquisition, Data Exploration, Modelling, Evaluation.

Each stage guides the development from defining the problem to testing the model.
12The 4Ws help us understand a problem from different perspectives: WHO, WHAT, {{WHERE}}, WHY.
Answer

WHERE

13Data Exploration involves only collecting data, not analysing it.
Answer

False

Exploration includes organising, finding patterns, identifying errors, and visualising data.
14How does a hub differ from a switch?
Answer

Hub → broadcasts to all ports | Switch → forwards to specific destination

A hub repeats incoming data to every connected device, while a switch directs traffic only to the intended recipient.
15What does the tag’s ‘alt’ attribute provide?
Answer

Alternative text describing the image.

It improves accessibility and shows a description if the image cannot load.
16The declaration tells the browser that the document uses {{HTML5}}.
Answer

HTML5

17The
tag requires a closing tag.
Answer

False

It is a self‑closing tag that inserts a line break without a closing element.
18Difference between ordered () and unordered () lists?
Answer

Ordered → numbered items | Unordered → bullet items

Ordered lists display sequence numbers, while unordered lists use simple bullets.
19What is the purpose of the tag’s href attribute?
Answer

It specifies the destination URL of the hyperlink.

The href tells the browser where to navigate when the link is clicked.
20A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that can {{communicate}} and share resources.
Answer

communicate

21WAN networks cover only a single building.
Answer

False

WANs span very large geographic areas, often across countries or continents.
22Star topology vs Bus topology?
Answer

Star → central device hub | Bus → single shared line

In star, each node connects to a central switch; in bus, all nodes share one communication line.
23What is the main difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web?
Answer

The Internet is the global network infrastructure; the Web is a service that runs on it.

The Internet connects networks worldwide, while the Web provides interlinked webpages accessed via the Internet.
24HTTP is a protocol used for {{transferring webpages}}.
Answer

transferring webpages

25HTML is a programming language.
Answer

False

HTML is a markup language used to structure content, not to perform computations.
26Which HTML tag defines the main heading of a page?
Answer

The tag represents the highest‑level heading in HTML.
27The element creates a {{table}} in HTML.
Answer

table

28How does a router differ from a modem?
Answer

Router → connects networks, directs traffic | Modem → converts signals for transmission

Routers manage data flow between networks, while modems translate digital data to analog signals (or vice versa) for communication over specific media.

Artificial Intelligence Foundations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables machines to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. It allows computers to mimic functions such as learning, perception, and decision‑making that humans usually perform.

Types of AI

Narrow AI – systems designed for specific tasks, such as voice assistants or image‑recognition tools. These systems excel at their defined purpose but cannot operate beyond it.

General AI – a hypothetical form of AI that would match human versatility across many domains. It remains a research goal rather than a present reality.

Super AI – an imagined level of intelligence that would surpass human capabilities. No fully realised Super AI exists today.

Common AI Tasks

  • Recognising images and speech
  • Processing large amounts of data quickly
  • Assisting professionals, for example by analysing medical images or helping doctors identify patterns

Although AI can automate many processes, human supervision is often required to ensure correct operation and ethical use.

Machine Learning Overview

Machine Learning (ML) is a subset of AI that learns patterns from data to make predictions or decisions. The typical data flow is:

  1. Data
  2. Learning – the model adapts to the data
  3. Pattern recognition
  4. Prediction

ML algorithms find relationships in datasets and use them to infer outcomes on new data, enabling applications such as recommendation systems, fraud detection, and predictive maintenance.

AI Project Cycle

Developing an AI solution follows a structured six‑stage cycle:

  1. Problem Scoping
  2. 4Ws Problem Canvas (Who, What, Where, Why)
  3. Data Acquisition
  4. Data Exploration – organising, visualising, and cleaning data
  5. Modelling – building and training the ML model
  6. Evaluation – testing performance and refining the solution

The 4Ws help clarify the problem from multiple perspectives. For example, the "WHERE" question addresses the location or context of the issue.

Web Development Essentials

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to structure content on the web. It is not a programming language; rather, it defines the layout and semantics of a page.

Key HTML Elements

  • <!DOCTYPE html> – declares that the document follows the HTML5 standard.
  • <h1> – defines the main heading of a page.
  • <img> alt attribute – provides alternative text describing the image, improving accessibility and offering a fallback description.
  • <br> – a self‑closing tag that inserts a line break without a closing element.
  • <ol> vs <ul> – ordered lists display numbered items, while unordered lists use bullet points.
  • <a href="..."> – specifies the destination URL of a hyperlink.
  • <table> – creates a table structure in HTML.

Web Protocols

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the protocol used for transferring webpages between a client (browser) and a server.

Networking Basics

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources.

Network Topologies

  • Star topology – each node connects to a central device (hub or switch).
  • Bus topology – all nodes share a single communication line.

Network Devices

Device Function
Hub Broadcasts incoming data to all ports
Switch Forwards data to the specific destination port
Router Connects networks and directs traffic between them
Modem Converts digital signals to analog (or vice versa) for transmission over a specific medium

Network Scales

WAN (Wide Area Network) spans very large geographic areas, often across countries or continents, unlike a LAN which is confined to a single building.

Distinguishing the Internet and the World Wide Web

The Internet is the global network infrastructure that interconnects computers worldwide. The World Wide Web is a service that runs on the Internet, providing interlinked webpages accessed via browsers.

Understanding these foundational concepts equips learners to navigate both the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence and the essential technologies that power the modern web.